The changes in the brain are often microscopic and may not be evident on computed tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. DAI usually causes coma and injury to many different parts of the brain. Penetrating, or open head injuries happen when there is a break in the skull, such as when a bullet pierces the brain.ĭiffuse axonal injury is the shearing (tearing) of the brain's long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull. Shaking a baby can also result in this type of injury (called shaken baby syndrome). Closed brain injuries are usually caused by car accidents, falls, and increasingly, in sports. A closed brain injury is caused by a rapid forward or backward movement and shaking of the brain inside the bony skull that results in bruising and tearing of brain tissue and blood vessels. Closed brain injuries happen when there is a nonpenetrating injury to the brain with no break in the skull. What are the different types of TBI?īrain injury may happen in one of two ways:Ĭlosed brain injury. The severity of a brain injury can range from a mild concussion to a severe injury that results in coma or even death. The damage can be focal (confined to one area of the brain) or diffuse (happens in more than one area of the brain). TBI is a broad term that describes a vast array of injuries that happen to the brain. It is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults. ![]() Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a sudden, external, physical assault damages the brain.
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